ADAS = Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. The acronym groups together every camera, radar and sensor in your car that does one of three things: watches the road, warns you about something, or actively intervenes (steers, brakes, holds you in your lane).
ADAS is not one feature. It's a label for a collection of features that share the same hardware (forward camera, front radar, ultrasonic sensors, sometimes side and rear radars) and the same software stack. When your dashboard shows 'Front Assist Unavailable', 'Lane Departure Warning fault', or 'ACC Deactivated', it's an ADAS fault.

Several of the systems are now required by UK vehicle safety law on new car types, covering AEB, Lane Keep Assist, drowsiness detection and intelligent speed assistance. Cars built before then often have most of the same systems voluntarily, especially anything from 2018 onwards on a Euro NCAP 5-star rating.
What this means in practice: almost every modern car on UK roads has multiple ADAS features running quietly in the background, and almost every modern repair (windscreen replacement, bumper repair, body work, even some wheel alignments) involves at least one ADAS sensor that needs recalibration afterwards.